Troops, Defense Employees Will Have Less Money for Extended Travel Starting Nov. 1

Service members as well as Defense Department civilians on long-term government travel will receive smaller per diems starting Nov. 1, the Pentagon confirmed.

Troops on long-term TDY (temporary duty) are subject to the same lower reimbursement rates for lodging, meals and other expenses as their civilian colleagues under a new policy aimed at saving the department money. For each full day during long-term TDY of 31 to 180 days, the rate now will be 75 percent of the locality rate (lodging plus meals and incidentals); for travel lasting more than 180 days, it will fall to 55 percent of the locality rate for each full day.

Those opposed to the change had hoped Defense would delay implementing the new policy, pending further consideration, but it will take effect as scheduled on Saturday.

Another change, which requires incidental travel expenses to now include laundry, baggage tips and ATM fees rather than being treated as separate, reimbursable items, took effect on Oct. 1. That new policy also requires certain expenses, including cell phone use, to be treated as “mission-related” rather than “travel-related” and paid for outside the travel system. That means travelers who want to be reimbursed for cell phone usage will have to file a separate claim with their agency. The incidental expense per diem is $5.

Congress and the Obama administration have told agencies they need to cut travel costs. Still, Republicans and Democrats on Capitol Hill, as well as several unions, believe the Pentagon’s changes will erode morale and cause an undue burden on government travelers. It’s also simply unrealistic, given the increased rates of rental housing and at many hotels, they argue. “The department should not put its workers in a position where they are required to travel for work but have to pay out of pocket for basic necessities,” stated an Oct. 10 letter to Defense Deputy Assistant Secretary for Civilian and Personnel Policy Paige Hinkle-Bowles from 28 House members.

“When Congress put language in the 2010 NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] dealing with DoD travel, it was in response to both the GSA conference scandal and to some misuse of the DoD travel card,” said Matthew Biggs, legislative and political director at the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers. “Congress wanted DoD to fix the problems with misuse of the travel card, not take money out of the pockets of civilian workers and our fighting men and women -- the people actually doing the work. DoD has overstepped in a big way, and hopefully Congress will step in and block this misguided policy.”

It’s unclear if more lawmakers will oppose the changes since they affect service members and civilians. Several unions, as well as Marriott, Hilton and the U.S. Travel Association, support maintaining the higher per diem rates for long-term Defense travelers. Thirteen unions sent an Oct. 23 letter to Senate Appropriations Committee Chairwoman Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., and Defense Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Richard Durbin, D-Ill., asking the committee to include a provision that defunds implementation of the changes in the bill funding the government after the current continuing resolution expires on Dec. 11. The Appropriations Committee this fall plans to introduce omnibus legislation to fund the rest of fiscal 2015 after the current continuing resolution expires.  

“I think it’s unfair to ask service members and defense employees to pay more when they are traveling for a mission,” said Rep. Derek Kilmer, D-Wash., who sits on the House Armed Services Committee member and took the lead on the Oct. 10 letter to Hinkle-Bowles. “We can find ways to make spending at the Pentagon more efficient -- it’s why I’m working on reforms to our defense acquisition system. But it’s not right, or smart, to ask members of the military to break out their own wallets just to stay in safe, decent lodging.”

The Pentagon estimates that the change to the incidental expense policy will save the department roughly $18 million annually, while the lower per diem rates will save $22 million per year. Defense has noted that the commercial lodging industry considers stays over 30 days “extended” and “typically offers reduced rates to ensure occupancy.” The department also is advising Defense travelers to consider staying in furnished apartments or similar types of lodging “which are typically cheaper than room rates in commercial lodging.”

A few commenters on a recent Government Executive story that outlined the changes praised the department for reducing the travel budgets for such trips and preventing some employees from milking the system. “It's about time government-funded TDY expenses are being cut; include Congress in these cuts as well,” said one commenter. “Some TDY is totally unnecessary and a waste of money.”

But others complained the new policy would affect the quality of their housing and safety while on official business. As another Government Executive reader put it, at the lower per diem rates, “you're stuck with Craigslist and renting a room from someone, or staying in a roach motel on a weekly rate.”

The Pentagon is not the only department that has reduced the daily budget for long-term feds on travel. According to a May 15 Powerpoint presentation from the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, other departments, including Interior and Agriculture, have reduced per diem rates for employees on extended travel.

In fiscal 2015, the maximum standard per diem rate for Defense travelers in the contiguous United States (including lodging, meals and incidentals) is $129. In more expensive areas, such as Washington, D.C., or San Francisco, the per diem rate is higher.

The General Services Administration establishes per diem rates for lodging, meals and incidental expenses in the continental United States. A standard per diem is applied in locations less commonly traveled by federal workers, while nonstandard areas frequently visited are granted individual rates based on the average daily industry rate. Defense sets the per diem rate for travelers overseas, and in non-foreign areas outside the continental United States. 

(Image via Iryna Rasko / Shutterstock.com)