Could a New COVID Vaccine Offer Lifelong Protection?

A new COVID-19 vaccine may provide more durable protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants than existing vaccines, animal studies indicate.

“We need a better vaccine, one that provides years of robust protection with fewer booster shots against a variety of SARS-CoV-2 strains,” says Stephen Anderson, associate professor of molecular biology and biochemistry at Rutgers University and senior author of the paper in Vaccines. “Our data suggest this vaccine candidate might be able to do that.”

Existing COVID vaccines often provide some protection against serious disease and death. However, these vaccines typically elicit temporary bursts of protective antibodies that rapidly wane, even after booster doses, leaving most individuals vulnerable to potentially dangerous repeat infections.

The new vaccine, dubbed MT-001, might provide longer-lasting protection against many COVID-19 varieties.

“Thankfully, the current vaccines saved many lives, but they’re still not optimal in some important respects,” Anderson says. “They may not durably prevent people from getting sick.”

The researchers developed MT-001 using technological approaches informed by an ambitious National Institutes of Health project that aimed to create an antibody for every protein in the human body.

Both FDA-approved RNA vaccines (and most other vaccines approved worldwide) use the entire COVID-19 spike protein as the trigger for the immune response. The new MT-001 vaccine candidate uses a unique section of that spike protein as its immunogen. This brings several advantages.

First, the spike protein section in this immunogen encompasses most of the targets for protective antibodies, including regions that are likely to remain unchanged in (and thus remain effective against) future variants. The data suggest that MT-001 (or its updated booster version) may elicit “broadly neutralizing” antibodies that confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 strain variants currently circulating in the human population and future variants that have not yet appeared.

Second, MT-001 was designed to be relatively straightforward to manufacture and distribute without special low-temperature handling. This could make vaccines based on the MT-001 prototype readily accessible from stockpiles, even in places where cold-storage infrastructure is lacking, should a coronavirus pandemic flare up again.

“In theory, it’s possible that a booster shot of our variant-updated version of MT-001 could provide lifelong protection. The animal data indicate that it should, at the very least, provide protective antibody levels for at least a year or more, which is a vast improvement over today’s vaccines, particularly given that many people are clearly unwilling to get a booster every few months,” says Anderson. “Our goal is to enable people to put the fear of catching COVID behind them.”

The Rutgers Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness and the New Jersey Health Foundation helped fund the vaccine development and testing.

Source: Rutgers University